摘要： LED光源具有节能环保、光电转化效率高等优点，可满足工厂化养殖对绿色高效、智能化发展的需求。为探究LED养殖灯对生物絮团模式下凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）肌肉品质的影响，以凡纳滨对虾幼体（平均体长5.23±0.61 cm，平均体质量1.52±0.47 g）为材料，设置两个处理组：LED光照组（L组）和自然光照组（N组），进行为期8周的养殖试验。L组光照参数为蓝绿光混合（绿光545 nm，蓝光450 nm），光照周期15 L:9 D，光照强度2 000 Lx；N组光照参数为自然光谱，光照周期为12L:12D，光照强度400~1 000 Lx。结果显示，两组对虾肌肉常规营养成分（水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、灰分）均无显著性差异（P>0.05）。两组对虾肌肉中均检测到18种氨基酸，L组对虾肌肉苏氨酸（Thr）、酪氨酸（Tyr）、精氨酸（Arg）、甘氨酸（Gly）、∑EAA/∑NEAA显著高于N组（P<0.05），而必需氨基酸（EAA）、半必需氨基酸（HEAA）、呈味氨基酸（DAA）均无显著性差异（P>0.05）。两组对虾肌肉中均检测到37种脂肪酸，L组对虾肌肉中月桂酸（C12:0）、DHA、EPA+DHA含量显著高于N组（P<0.05），C21:0、C20:3n-3、C22:5n-6含量显著低于N组（P<0.05）。研究表明，在生物絮团养殖模式下，补充特定参数的LED养殖灯能够改善凡纳滨对虾肌肉营养品质。

关键词: LED光源, 生物絮团系统, 凡纳滨对虾, 肌肉营养成分, 氨基酸, 脂肪酸

Abstract: LED light source has the advantages of energy saving and environmental protection, high photoelectric conversion efficiency, which can meet the demand for green, efficient and intelligent development of factory farming. To investigate the effect of LED culture lights on the muscle quality of Litopenaeus vannamei in the biofloc system, two treatment groups were set up: the LED light group (L group) and the natural light group (N group). The culture experiments were conducted over an 8-week period, utilizing larvae L. vannamei as the study material. The larvae had a mean body length of 5.23 ± 0.61 cm and a mean body mass of 1.52 ± 0.47 g. The illumination parameters of the L group were a mixture of blue-green light (green light 545 nm, blue light 450 nm); the photoperiod was 15L:9D; the light intensity was 2000 Lux. The experimental results showed that there were no significant differences in conventional nutrients (moisture, crude protein, crude fat, ash) between L group and N group (P>0.05). A total of 18 amino acids were detected in muscle. The contents of threonine (Thr), tyrosine (Tyr), arginine (Arg), glycine (Gly) and ∑EAA/∑NEAA in the muscles of the L group were significantly higher than those of the N group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the contents of essential amino acids (EAA), semi-essential amino acids (HEAA) and aromatic amino acids (DAA) (P>0.05). A total of 37 fatty acids were found in muscle. The contents of C12:0, DHA and EPA+DHA in the muscle of shrimp from the L group were significantly higher than those from the N group (P<0.05). The contents of C21:0, C20:3n-3, C20:3n-3 and C22:5n-6 were significantly lower than those in the N group (P<0.05). The results indicate that the LED light parameter could improve the nutritional quality of the muscle of L. vannamei.

Key words:  , LED light source, Biofloc system, Litopenaeus vannamei, Muscle nutrient composition, Amino acids, Fatty acids