摘要： 针对环渤海地区滩涂贝类养殖产业贝类采收环节缺少机械化采收设备，人工采收贝类劳动强度大、作业效率低、作业环境泥泞等问题，设计了一款履带式滩涂贝类采收机。整机采用液压双联泵进行液压动力的分配，并通过液压系统仿真软件AMESim对整机液压动力系统进行仿真模拟；根据滩涂养殖贝类的生物特性、地质特点和作业需求，设计挖掘传送装置，采用固定式挖掘铲和振动筛进行贝泥沙混合物的挖掘与筛选，通过液压缸的伸缩调整采收机作业深度；基于各个机构和液压元件的分布，设计履带式底盘。通过实地试验，完成样机的性能测试。结果显示：试验地区采收机的最佳工艺参数为作业速度0.15 m/s，振动筛转速380 r/min，振动筛筛面倾角12°，可实现满足农艺要求的滩涂贝类无水化和浅水化机械化采收作业。研究表明，履带式滩涂贝类采收机具有较好的稳定性，且在提高工作效率、降低劳动强度等方面效果显著，具有推广应用前景。

关键词: 贝类采收, 机械采收, 采收机, 履带式, 滩涂养殖 

Abstract: In view of the problems such as lack of mechanized harvesting equipment, high labor intensity, low efficiency and muddy working environment in the coastal shellfish aquaculture industry in Bohai Rim, a crawler type beach-shellfish harvesting machine is designed. The hydraulic power is distributed by hydraulic double pump, and the hydraulic power system is simulated by hydraulic system simulation software AMESim. According to the biological characteristics, geological characteristics and operational requirements of the mudflat shellfish cultivation, the design of the excavation and transmission device, the use of fixed excavating shovel and vibrating screen for shellfish sediment mixture excavation and screening, through the expansion of the hydraulic cylinder to adjust the depth of the harvester operation; Based on the distribution of each mechanism and hydraulic components, the crawler chassis is designed. Through the field test, complete the prototype performance test. The results show that the optimal process parameters of the harvester in the test area are 0.15 m/s, 380 r/min and 12° dip Angle of the vibrating screen, which can meet the agronomic requirements of the beach shellfish anhydrous and shallow water mechanized harvesting. The research shows that the crawler shellfish harvester has good stability, and has remarkable effect in improving work efficiency and reducing labor intensity, so it has the prospect of popularization and application.

Key words: shellfish harvesting, mechanical harvesting, harvester, crawler type, mudflat culture