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基于人工湿地的海水池塘循环水养殖系统构建与运行效果研究

  

  1. （1  江苏省海洋水产研究所，江苏 南通 226007；
    2 南通大学生命科学学院，江苏 南通 226019）
  • 出版日期:2019-04-20 发布日期:2019-06-05
  • 通讯作者: 吉红九 (1968— )，男，研究员，研究方向：海洋生物学，E-mail: jijiu99@163.com
  • 作者简介:钟非 (1981—)，男，副教授，研究方向：环境生物学，E-mail: fzhong@ntu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    江苏省重点研发计划现代农业研究开发示范类项目(BE2015323)；江苏省水产三新工程项目(Y2015-20)；南通市应用基础研究项目（MS12015069）；南通市应用基础研究项目（MS12017025-5）

Study on construction and operation effect of the recirculating mariculture system based on constructed wetland#br#  

  1. （1 Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nantong 226007, Jiangsu, China;
    2 School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China)
  • Online:2019-04-20 Published:2019-06-05

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摘要： 为有效调控高密度海水养殖池塘的水环境状况，构建了以人工湿地为核心的“鱼-虾-贝-草”海水池塘循环水养殖系统。通过比较人工湿地连续流与间歇流，以及种植盐角草（Salicornia europaea）和互花米草（Spartina alterniflora）时的净化效率，研究适用于海水池塘养殖系统的人工湿地运行方式及植物种类。通过比较不同养殖模式下池塘水质及养殖对象生长情况，分析人工湿地对养殖池塘水体的调控效果，探讨循环养殖模式对池塘产量的提升效果。结果显示：人工湿地间歇运行时（水力负荷为300 mm/d），其净化效率相比于连续运行有显著提升；盐角草湿地出水中的氮、磷浓度显著低于互花米草湿地；虽然排、换水频率有较大差异，循环养殖模式与传统养殖模式下养殖池塘水体氨氮（NH4+-N）和亚酸盐氮（NO2--N）质量浓度均处于较低水平；采用基于湿地循环水处理的文蛤（Meretrix meretrix）和脊尾白虾（Exopalaemon carinicauda）分池组合混养模式能进一步提高脊尾白虾的单位面积产量，并有效控制养殖废水排放。研究表明：基于人工湿地的海水池塘循环水养殖系统具有较强的环境效益，可为江苏地区海水池塘养殖业的健康发展提供参考。

关键词: 海水养殖池塘, 盐角草, 循环水养殖系统, 人工湿地

Abstract: In order to effectively regulate the water condition in high density mariculture ponds, a recirculating mariculture system for “fish, shrimp, shellfish and plant” was built with constructed wetland as the core. The operation mode and plant species in the constructed wetland that are compatible with the mariculture system were studied by comparing the purification efficiency of continuous flow and intermittent flow and the efficiency when Salicornia europaea and Spatina alterniflora are planted. By comparing the pond water quality and the growth rate of the cultured species under different culture mode, the regulation effects of constructed wetland on the pond water quality were analyzed, and the effects of the recirculating mode on promoting the yield were evaluated. Results show that the purification efficiency of the constructed wetland was significantly higher in intermittent operation (the hydraulic load was 300mm/d.) compared to that in continuous operation. The nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in the effluent of constructed wetland with Salicornia europaea was significantly lower than that that with Spatina alterniflora. The NH4+-N and NO2--N concentrations in the pond water under the recirculating mode and under the traditional mode were both at a low level, though the frequencies of water discharge and exchange were different. The polyculture of Meretrix meretrix and Exopalaemon carinicauda in different ponds based on wetland circulating water treatment can further improve the yield per unit area of Exopalaemon carinicauda and effectively control the discharge of aquaculture wastewater. The study shows that the recirculating mariculture system based on constructed wetland has strong environmental benefits, and can provide reference for healthy development of mariculture in Jiangsu Province.

Key words: mariculture ponds, Salicornia europaea, recirculating mariculture system, constructed wetland