渔业现代化

渔业现代化杂志

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阳澄湖围网养殖生态坝的优化设计与评价

  

  1. （上海交通大学环境科学与工程学院，上海 200240）
  • 出版日期:2019-04-20 发布日期:2019-06-05
  • 通讯作者: 李春杰（1971—），男，副教授，博士，研究方向：水污染控制与资源化，E-mail：cjli@sjtu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:石鸿韬（1994—），男，硕士研究生，研究方向：水污染控制与资源化，E-mail：347481421@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“生态坝对湖泊养殖污染控制与生态修复的协同作用机制研究（51378305）”

Optimization design and evaluation of ecological dam for cage aquaculture in Yangcheng Lake

  1. (School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China)
  • Online:2019-04-20 Published:2019-06-05

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摘要： 针对阳澄湖围网养殖的污染控制和生态修复，以单个养殖户为对象进行生态坝的应用设计，并进行技术经济评价，为其推广应用奠定基础。该设计基于前期中试试验研究，首先对生态坝的单体结构进行优化设计，在此基础上，根据总氮污染负荷计算所需生态坝的面积，并考虑现场布设方案，最后基于该设计方案进行技术经济评价。生态坝单体优化设计主要包括包埋菌和弹性填料相结合，增强其水质净化能力，同时为大闸蟹设计蜕壳层结构，以提升其成活率（10%）；针对单户养殖（6 667 m2）的总氮污染负荷设计计算所得生态坝面积为1 344 m2，占养殖区域的20%；其一次性建设费用约20万元，按8年折旧计算，运行费用约3万元，年增收约5万元。如果扩大应用规模，可进一步降低成本。

关键词: 阳澄湖, 生态坝, 围网养殖, 设计, 评价

Abstract: Aiming at the pollution control and ecological restoration of cage aquaculture in Yangcheng Lake, application design of the ecological dam for individual farmers is conducted, and technical and economic evaluation is carried out to lay the foundation for its promotion and application. The design is based on the preliminary pilot test study. Firstly, the individual structure of the ecological dam is optimized. On this basis, the required area of the ecological dam is calculated according to TN pollution load, and the site layout plan is considered. Finally, the technical and economic evaluation is conducted based on this design. The optimization design of the ecological dam mainly includes: the combination of the embedded bacteria and the elastic filler, enhancing its water purification ability, and designing the clam shell structure for the crab to improve its survival rate (10%); according to TN pollution load, the area of the ecological dam designed for single-family farming (6 667 m2) is 1 344 m2, accounting for 20% of the culture area; the one-time construction cost is about 200 000 yuan, and based on 8 year depreciation, the operating cost is about 30 000 yuan and the annual income is about 50 000 yuan. If the scale of application is expanded, the costs can be further reduced.

Key words: Yangcheng Lake, ecological dam, cage aquaculture, design, evaluation