渔业现代化

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16种观赏植物对工厂化循环水锦鲤养殖水体污染物的净化作用研究

  

  1. (1北京市水产科学研究所渔业生物技术北京市重点实验室，北京 100068；
    2 四川农业大学，四川 成都 611130)
  • 出版日期:2018-06-20 发布日期:2018-08-02
  • 通讯作者: 张清靖（1974—），男，研究员，博士，研究方向：渔业生态与环保。E-mail：qingjingzhang2007@aliyun.com
  • 作者简介:贾成霞(1979—)，女，高级工程师，博士，研究方向：渔业生态与环保方面研究。E-mail：jia.cx@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项（20161502-3）；北京市现代农业产业技术体系项目（BAIC08-2018）

A study of the purification effects of 16 spieces of ornamental plants on the pollutants in the industrialized Cyprinus carpio culture waters#br#

  1. (1 Beijing Fisheries Research Institute, Beijing 100068, China;
    2 College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China)
  • Online:2018-06-20 Published:2018-08-02

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摘要： 为筛选适合工厂化循环水锦鲤养殖水体污染物高效净化的浮床植物，研究了16种观赏植物的生长特性及对水体中总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、汞(Hg)和铅(Pb)的净化能力。研究发现：16种植物株高、根长、生物量均明显增加，对这些污染物均有较好的富集去除作用。不同植物中污染物含量差异较大，莲花竹中TN含量最高，为（2.82±0.10）%，花叶万年青和红掌中TP含量最高，为（0.41±0.01）%；千屈菜中Cu、Zn和Pb含量均最高；彩叶草中Hg含量最高。花叶芦竹和黄菖蒲对TN和TP的累积量最高；千屈菜对Cu、Zn和Hg累积量均最高，花叶芦竹对Pb的累积量最高。16种植物TN、TP和Pb累积量与生物量呈现良好相关性。黄菖蒲、花叶芦竹和千屈菜可作为工厂化养殖条件下生态浮床的潜力净水植物。

关键词: 养殖废水, 工厂化养殖, 观赏植物, 重金属污染

Abstract: In order to screen the floating-bed plants suitable for efficient purification of the pollutants in the industrialized Cyprinus carpio culture waters, the growth characteristics and purification effects of 16 species of ornamental plants on total nitrogen, total phosphorus, copper, zinc, mercury and lead in the waters were studied. The results showed that the average height, root length, and biomass (dry weight) significantly increased, and the purification effect of nitrogen, phosphorus, copper, zinc, mercury, and lead were excellent. The contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, copper, zinc, mercury and lead within the 16 species of plants were widely different. The content of total nitrogen in Dracaena sanderiana which was (2.82 ± 0.10)% was the highest, and the total phosphorus content in Dieffenbachia picta and Anthurium andraeanum which were (0.41 ± 0.01)% were the highest. The contents of Cu, Zn, and Pb in Lythrum salicaria were the highest, as well as the content of Hg in Coleus blumei. The TN and TP in Arundo donax var. versicolor and Iris pseudacorus were the highest, and the Cu, Zn and Hg in Lythrum salicaria was the highest, as well as the Pb uptake of Arundo donax var. versicolor. There is a significant correlation between the acumulated amount with the biomass regarding the TN, TP, and Pb in the 16 species of plants. Iris pseudacorus, Arundo donax var. versicolor, and Lythrum salicaria could be used as potential plants to remove nitrogen, phosphorus, and heavy metal pollutants in industrialized aquaculture water.

Key words: Aquaculture wastewater, industrialized aquaculture, ornamental plants, heavy metals