Abstract: Fishpass is one of the important methods to dam the river and block the migration of fish. In order to meet the requirements of upstream migration of fish after the construction of Xiajiang water conservancy project, protect the integrity of the Ganjiang River aquatic ecological environment and mitigate the effects of the project on the genetic exchange of fish populations, the way of fish passage was formulated according to the actual situation of Xiajiang water conservancy project. The fishpass, which was composed of upper fishpass (exit section), orifices of the dam, downstream main and secondary fishpass (entrance section), fish collection system and connection section, was designed using vertical joint structure. The designed main fish passage season was from April to July, and the flow velocity was 0.7-1.2 m/s. The effect of fish passing through Xiajiang fishpass was preliminarily monitored by means of instrument monitoring and manual observation. The results showed that a total of 678 000 fish were monitored from fishpass in 2017, of which the upstream fish accounted for 41.67%. There were 22 species observed, belonging to 4 orders, 7 families and 18 genera, mainly small species, such as Hemiculter bleekeri, Megalobrama terminalis, Xenocypris argentea and Squalidus argentatus. In different seasons, the number of fish was different, and the number in the second season accounting for 49.17% of all was more than that in other seasons; the number in July was more than that in other months. There is a big difference between night and day in the number of fish, with the largest number from AM 10:00 to PM 16:00. Compared with other fishpasses in China, Xiajiang fishpass has a large number of fish and a significant effect.

Key words: fishpass, passage efficiency, Xiajiang water conservancy project

摘要： 鱼道是解决拦河筑坝阻隔鱼类洄游的重要手段之一。为了满足兴建峡江水利枢纽工程后洄游鱼类上溯的要求，保护赣江水生生态环境的完整性，减缓工程对鱼类种群遗传交流的影响，针对峡江水利枢纽实际情况制定了鱼道过鱼方式。鱼道采用垂直竖缝式结构设计，由上游鱼道（出口段）、坝体过鱼孔口、下游主、副鱼道（进口段）、集鱼系统及连接段组成，设计主要过鱼季节为4—7月，流速0.7~1.2 m/s。采用仪器监测与人工观察相结合的方式对峡江鱼道过鱼效果进行了初步监测。监测结果显示：2017年监测到过鱼总数67.8万尾，其中上行占41.67%；期间共监测到22种鱼类，共计4目、7科、18属，以小型鱼类为主，如贝氏䱗（Hemiculter bleekeri）、三角鲂（Megalobrama terminalis）、银鲴（Xenocypris argentea）、银鮈（Squalidus argentatus）；不同季节过鱼数量不同，其中以二季度最多，占总数49.17%，过鱼数量以7月最多；过鱼数量昼夜差别大，以上午10:00至下午16:00是过鱼数量最多；与国内其他鱼道相比，峡江鱼道过鱼数量较多，过鱼效果显著。

关键词: 鱼道, 过鱼效果, 峡江水利枢纽工程