渔业现代化

渔业现代化 ›› 2023, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (3): 27-35.

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不同养殖模式对南美白对虾生长性能及肠道菌群的影响

  1. （1. 同济大学环境科学与工程学院，上海 200092；
    2. 中国水产科学研究院渔业机械仪器研究所，上海 200092；
    3. 农业农村部水产养殖设施工程重点实验室，上海 200092；
    4. 盐城工学院海洋与生物工程学院，盐城 224000）
  • 出版日期:2023-06-20 发布日期:2023-06-25
  • 作者简介:张海耿（1986－），男，副研究员，研究方向：养殖水体调控与生态循环养殖模式。E-mail：zhanghaigeng@fmiri.an.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划“陆基工厂化节约高效养殖模式集成创新示范（2020YFD0900801）”；国家重点研发计划“虾参循环水养殖工艺研究与清洁生产系统构建（2019YFD0900505）”

Growth performance and intestinal bacterial community structure of Litopenaeus vannamei under different cultivation systems#br#
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  1. (1 College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China;
    2 Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200092, China; 
    3 Key Laboratory of aquaculture facilities engineering, Ministry of agriculture and rural affairs, Shanghai, 200092, China
    4 College of marine and bioengineering, Yancheng institute of technology, Yancheng, 224000, China )

  • Online:2023-06-20 Published:2023-06-25

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摘要： 为研究不同养殖模式对南美白对虾生长性能及肠道菌群的影响，在设施大棚中构建了中试规模的南美白对虾循环水养殖模式（RAS）和生物絮团养殖模式（BS）2种模式，每种模式为3个平行。每个平行投放南美白对虾苗10万尾，初始放养殖密度为500尾/m3。每隔1 d，测定养殖水体的水质指标，待100 d饲养结束后，测定南美白对虾生长指标和肠道菌群。结果显示：RAS和BS组养殖水体中的总氨氮（TAN）、亚硝酸盐氮（NO2--N）、硝酸盐氮（NO3--N）、温度、pH和溶氧（DO）等指标无显著差异（P>0.05），但BS组有近20 d的NO2--N积累，进而影响南美白对虾的生长。BS组的特定生长率、存活率和最终养殖密度显著低于RAS组（P<0.05），饲料系数和肥满度无显著差异（P > 0.05）。两种养殖模式下对虾肠道菌群在门水平无显著差异，属水平显著差异（P<0.05），RAS养殖模式中的norank_f__JG30-KF-CM45丰度最高，BS养殖模式中下水道球菌属（Amaricoccus）的丰度最高。研究表明，采用RAS模式可实现养殖水质指标的稳定可控，进而可提升对虾的生长性能，但生产成本略高于BS模式。
关键词：南美白对虾；养殖模式；循环水养殖；生物絮团养殖；生长性能；肠道菌群结构


关键词: 南美白对虾, 养殖模式, 循环水养殖, 生物絮团养殖, 生长性能, 肠道菌群结构

Abstract: The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of different cultural patterns on the growth performance, serum activity indicator, and immune responses of Litopenaeus vannamei. Two pilot-scale culture models of Litopenaeus vannamei, recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) and biofloc technology system (BS), were constructed in a greenhouse, each of which was 3 parallel. 100 000 larvae of Litopenaeus vannamei were placed in parallel, and the initial culture density was 500 per m3. The water quality indicator of culture water was measured every other day, and after 100 days of feeding, the growth indicator, serum antioxidant activity indicator, and immune responses of Litopenaeus vannamei were measured. The results showed that there was no significant difference in ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, nitrate, temperature, pH value, and dissolved oxygen between RAS and BS groups, but nitrite accumulation in the BS group was nearly 20 days, which affected the growth of Litopenaeus vannamei. The specific growth rate, survival rate, and final density of the BS group were significantly lower than those of the RAS group (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference in feed conversion factor (FCR) and condition factor (CF). There was no significant difference in the intestinal flora of shrimp in the two culture modes at the phylum level and significant difference at the genus level (P<0.05), with the highest abundance of norank_f__JG30-KF-CM45 in the RAS culture mode and the highest abundance of the genus Amaricoccus in the BS culture mode. In conclusion, RAS cultivation can achieve stable and controllable water quality indexes and then improve the growth performance of shrimp, but the production cost is slightly higher than BS cultivation.


Key words:  , Litopenaeus vannamei, Cultivation systems, Recirculating aquaculture system, Biofloc system, Growth performance, Intestinal bacterial community structure