渔业现代化

渔业现代化杂志

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水产养殖中鱼类投喂策略研究综述

  

  1. （1 广东海洋大学机械与动力工程学院，广东 湛江524088；
    2 南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室（湛江），广东 湛江524088）
  • 出版日期:2020-02-20 发布日期:2020-04-30
  • 通讯作者: 刘皞春（1985—），男，讲师，研究方向：智能设计与制造、现代渔业装备等。E-mail:liuhaochun@gdou.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:俞国燕（1970—），女，教授，研究方向：智能设计与制造、现代渔业装备等。E-mail:yuguoyan0218@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    广东省普通高校重点科研项目（2018KZDXM038）；南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室（湛江）项目（ZJW-2019-01）；湛江市科技项目(2018A01019、2017A03005）

Research summary on fish feeding strategies in aquaculture

  1. (1 College of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524008, Guangdong, China;
    2 Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524008, Guangdong, China)
  • Online:2020-02-20 Published:2020-04-30

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摘要： 水产养殖中的饲料成本占据养殖总成本较大比例，有效的投喂策略是减少水产养殖生产成本的重要途径，投饲装备投喂过程中，既要满足鱼群生长的营养需求，同时避免过多投饲，降低对环境的污染。当前国内水产养殖投饲装备智能化水平较低，投饲策略主要依据人工经验定量投饲，每一次喂料的偏差累积影响整期渔获经济效益。因此，科学的投喂策略能有效减少养殖成本，从而提高养殖效益。文章重点介绍了基于人工经验及生物能流的鱼群生长摄食模型、基于机器视觉及机器声学感知鱼群摄食活动的技术手段和智能投喂控制系统的发展状况，并提出投喂策略的具体实现方法，为水产养殖投饲装备由自动化升级到智能化提供参考。

关键词: 水产养殖, 摄食模型, 投喂策略, 机器视觉, 机器声学

Abstract: In aquaculture, feed cost occupies a large proportion of the total cost of aquaculture. Effective feeding strategies are an important way to reduce the cost of aquaculture production. During the feeding process of feeding equipment, both the growth and nutritional needs of the fish must be met, and excessive feeding should be avoided to reduce environmental pollution. At present, the intelligence level of domestic aquaculture feeding equipment is relatively low. The feeding strategy is mainly based on artificial experience and quantitative feeding. The deviation of each feeding cumulatively affects the economic benefits of the entire catch. Therefore, scientific feeding strategies can effectively reduce the cost of farming and improve the welfare of farming. This paper mainly introduces the fish growth and feeding model based on artificial experience and bioenergy flow, the technical methods of sensing fish feeding behavior based on machine vision and machine acoustics, and the development status of intelligent feeding control system, and proposes the specific implementation of feeding strategies to provide a reference for the upgrading of aquaculture feeding equipment from automatic to intelligent.

Key words: aquaculture, feeding model, feeding strategy;machine vision, machine acoustics