With the continuous expansion of aquaculture scale and the improvement of its intelligent level,traditional methods such as manual inspection and water quality sampling struggle to meet the fine management requirements of modern aquaculture due to their intrusive nature and lack of real-time capability. Passive Acoustic Monitoring(PAM) technology can accurately analyze the behavioral characteristics of aquatic organisms without disturbing them. Centered on acoustic signals,this technology has established an analytical framework covering data collection,signal processing,feature extraction,and pattern recognition ,demonstrating strong adaptability in actual aquaculture environments. Studies have shown that PAM technology has obvious advantages in low -light,deep -water,and turbid environments,and has exhibited application potential in feeding monitoring,reproduction identification,water quality early warning,and other aspects. However,the further development of this technology is restricted by issues such as equipment noise interference,lack of cross - species databases, and insufficient algorithm generalization. Future development should focus on advancing noise reduction and enhancement,multimodal fusion, establishing a standardized data system,and strengthening interdisciplinary collaboration to promote industrialization.