To address the issues of low intelligence, high energy consumption, high feed breakage rate, and low feeding efficiency in pneumatic feeding systems for In-pond Raceway System(IPRS), this study optimizes a single-pipe multi-channel pneumatic feeding control system using a Computational Fluid Dynamics-Engineering Discrete Element Method(CFD-EDEM) coupling simulation approach. First, the IPRS and the single-pipe multi-channel pneumatic feeding system were analyzed to identify performance optimization requirements. Second, experiments were conducted to measure the physical parameters of commonly used expanded feed, and a discrete element model of the feed was developed. Subsequently, a physical model of the feeding pipeline and a computational fluid dynamics model were constructed to simulate the motion characteristics and distribution patterns of feed particles under varying airflow velocities, enabling the selection of an optimal intelligent control strategy for airflow-feeding coordination. Results indicated that airflow velocity significantly influenced feeding efficiency and pipeline blockage risks. Under experimental conditions, an optimal airflow velocity range of 30-40 m/s was identified. By implementing frequency conversion control of the fan (36-48 Hz), airflow-feeding coordination was optimized, and pressure feedback was used to achieve residual material purging and anti-blockage control in pipelines. Compared to traditional systems, the optimized system achieved 18.6% energy savings, 39.44% reduction in feed breakage rate, and 43.48% improvement in feeding uniformity, thereby enhancing overall feeding efficiency. The CFD-EDEM method effectively simulated the operational conditions of the feeding system and provided optimization strategies. The proposed intelligent control strategy proposed in this study provides a theoretical reference for precise long-distance multi-point feeding, effectively enhancing the system’s intelligence level and operational stability, while offering valuable insights for the research and development of intensive aquaculture equipment.