The sea cucumber industry is a pivotal sector in China's fishery economy, yet the insufficient mechanization level in aquaculture and fishing has become a critical bottleneck. This study systematically reviews the technological advancements in sea cucumber aquaculture and fishing equipment. It first analyzes the technical features of automatic feeding systems and automatic pool transfer machines in industrialized aquaculture, while comparing the efficiency, advantages, and limitations of various fishing methods and operational mechanisms in marine operations. Subsequently, the study highlights key technological innovations, elucidating how kinematic simulation technology optimizes equipment structures and demonstrating how underwater target recognition enhances fishing precision. Finally, three strategic development pathways are proposed: optimization of critical components in engineering aquaculture equipment, integrated innovation in intelligent fishing technologies, and establishment of equipment evaluation frameworks. The findings provide theoretical foundations and technical references for advancing automation and intelligence in sea cucumber aquaculture and fishing equipment.