To achieve energy conservation, emission reduction, and sustainable development in aquaculture, characterized by low carbon efficiency,it is essential to address the issue of freshwater pond aquaculture tailwater treatment. This paper summarizes the treatment methods and technical characteristics of freshwater pond aquaculture tailwater both domestically and internationally according to the characteristics of pollutants in typical pond aquaculture tailwater; compares the typical pond culture tailwater treatment modes such as “three ponds and two dams”“container + ecological pond”“ecological wetland”, etc. It also analyzes the physical purification technologies such as vertical flow sedimentation, cyclone separation, filtration sieve, air flotation, etc. It also discusses the physical purification technologies such as ozone deposition and ozonation. The physical purification technologies such as vertical flow sedimentation, cyclone separation, filtration screen, air flotation, etc., and the chemical and biological purification technologies such as ozone-micro-nano flotation, new biofilm reactor filtration, flocculation, microbial preparation, activated sludge, aquatic plant etc., were discussed. The hot research directions and key technical problems in this field were pointed out, including the development of "energy-saving, emission reduction, ecological and efficient" intensive pond farming mode, the research and development of special treatment equipment for aquaculture wastewater, and the improvement of purification efficiency and floor space, etc., which can offer theoretical guidance for the development of integrated and rapid pond aquaculture wastewater treatment technologies and equipment.