To study the effect of Internal-circulation pond aquaculture (IPA) culture mode on the muscle quality of Acanthopagrus schlegelii, two groups of Acanthopagrus schlegelii cultured in IPA and traditional pond aquaculture (TPA) were randomly sampled, and determined and analyzed for conventional nutrients, amino acids and fatty acid fractions, respectively. The results showed that the IPA group has an extremely significantly higher crude protein content (P<0.01) and significantly lower water content (P<0.05) than the TPA group and also a higher crude fat and ash content, although the difference was not significant (P>0.05). Seventeen amino acids were detected in the muscle of both IPA and TPA groups of Acanthopagrus schlegelii, including seven essential amino acids in human, were detected in the muscles of both groups, and the content of every amino acid in the IPA group was significantly higher than that in the TPA group, with amino acid indexes of 84.32 and 76.90. The first limiting amino acid of both groups was methionine + cysteine. Meanwhile, ten fatty acids were detected in both groups, including three saturated fatty acids (SFA), three monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and four polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The IPA group showed a statistically insignificant higher SFA and MUFA contents (P>0.05), and significantly lower PUFA contents (P<0.05). These results showed that IPA aquaculture mode significantly improved the nutritional value of protein in the muscle of black sea bream, but reduced the contents of PUFA.