The construction quality of FRP fishing vessels influences their production, use and industry development. In order to explore the factors that affect the construction quality of FRP fishing vessels, key factors affecting the construction quality are determined based on the quality problems of FRP fishing vessels constructed. By using the fishbone diagram for analysis and with the factors affecting the construction quality of FRP fishing vessels taken as the central objective, summary and analysis are conducted from the perspectives of structural design, selection and processing of raw materials and improvement of construction technology. The design factors, raw material factors and process factors are taken as head of fish, and other subdivision factors are used as fishbone to find the relationship among various influencing factors and draw a composite fishbone diagram. The fishbone diagram is used as the basic model, the influencing factors are sorted, screened and discriminated, and the system model convenient for construction site management and control is established. Finally, the causes of poor construction of FRP fishing vessels are analyzed and discussed, and relevant suggestions are put forward.