Aiming at the problems of the traditional aquatic product transaction traceability system, such as centralized and easy to tamper, data cannot be shared, and credible traceability difficulties, a traceability model of aquatic product transactions based on the combination of blockchain and InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) is proposed. By analyzing the aquatic product transaction process, the key information of aquatic product breeding and order transaction information are stored in IPFS, and the IPFS address is uploaded to the blockchain network. Based on the alliance chain platform Hyperledger Fabric, the prototype of the system was realized, the system access control scheme was designed, and the smart contract suitable for the system was proposed to ensure the safe and reliable storage of transaction data. The results show that the system can realize the release and query of transaction data, and consumers and regulatory authorities can realize the credible traceability of aquatic product breeding information; the system throughput can reach about 220 transactions per second, which basically meets the aquatic product transaction data Business requirements for storage and traceability. This research can provide a reference for the traceability technology of aquatic product transactions.