Sea turtle is one of the main incidental catch species in tuna pelagic longline fishing. How to mitigate the incidental catch of sea turtles is a hot topic of international concern. The habitat of sea turtle is different from that of tunas in terms of water layers and environment, and the selectivity of hook and bait also affects the incidental catch of sea turtles. In this paper, we review the studies on mitigation measures of incidental sea turtle catches in tuna pelagic longline fishing from the aspects of hook depth, hook selectivity, bait selectivity, environmental factors and acoustic factors. The results show that: controlling the depth of the longline hook is an effective measure to mitigate the incidental catch of sea turtles; larger circle hooks can effectively mitigate the incidental catch of sea turtles; blue dyed bait might be helpful to mitigate the incidental catch of sea turtles; it is effective to avoid the preferred sea surface temperature of sea turtles while fishing; and acoustic technology can be used to mitigate the incidental catch of sea turtles. It is suggested that in future, studies on the mitigation measures of sea turtle incidental catches in tuna pelagic longline fishing should: determine the optimal hook depth; explore the optimal size and hook type to mitigate the incidental catch of sea turtles and ensure the high catch rate of tuna; study the effects of dyed bait or artificial bait on sea turtles’ selectivity; consider the potential synergistic effect of bait, hook type and size, fishing gear soaking duration on the incidental catch rate, mortality rate and post release survival rate of sea turtles; and continue to carry out studies on using acoustics to distinguish sea turtles from tuna and to mitigate the incidental catch of sea turtles.