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ZHU Hao1,2, CHENG Shuiping1, WANG Jian2, LIU Xingguo1, LAI Qifang3 (1 College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;#br# 2 Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 20092, China;#br# 3 East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China)
朱浩1,2，成水平1，王健2，刘兴国1，来琦芳3(1同济大学环境科学与工程学院，上海 200092 ；
2 中国水产科学研究院渔业机械仪器研究所，上海 200092；
3中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所，上海 200090)
Abstract:
In order to solve the problems such as alkaline water waste and low comprehensive utilization during the process of washing out salt and decreasing alkali on saline-alkaline land, in respect to characteristics of the technique of washing out salt and decreasing alkali on saline-alkaline land, an ecologically engineered cultivation system of saline-alkali pond is designed. The system consists of lifted field, ditch, reservoir and aquaculture pond, with area ratio of 10:1:2:4. In the system, the bottom of the lifted field is laid with perforated pipe which connects with the reservoir, and the reservoir provides supplementary aquaculture water for the aquaculture pond. In the case of 3 000 m3/d of irrigation amount, the test results of soil and water quality of the system indicate that the salinity, chloride concentration and electrical conductivity of the water in the reservoir are much higher than those in the aquaculture pond and drainage ditch. The pH value of reservoir and aquaculture pond is significantly higher than that of the drainage ditch and the reservoir can effectively collect the saline-alkaline water in the process of washing out salt and decreasing alkali; pH and salinity are stable in the lifted field and there was no return of salt or alkali; the total nitrogen of aquaculture water in the ecologically engineered cultivation system of saline-alkaline pond is less than 4mg/L, and the total phosphorus is less than 1.3mg/L; the permanganate index is gradually decreasing, which is in line with the cultivation demand. The study shows that in comparison with traditional technique of washing out salt and decreasing alkali, the ecologically engineered cultivation system of saline-alkaline pond improves the circulation of irrigation water by 2.2 to 3 times, reduces nitrogen and phosphorus emissions, and has obvious effect of water saving and emission reduction.
Key words:
saline-alkaline water,
ecology,
pond,
cultivation system
摘要： 为解决盐碱地洗盐压碱过程中盐碱水水资源浪费、综合利用率低等问题，针对盐碱地洗盐压碱工艺的特点，设计了一种盐碱池塘生态工程化种养系统。系统由抬田、沟渠、蓄水池、养殖池塘组成，面积比为10:1:2:4。系统中抬田底部铺设打孔暗管，暗管与蓄水池相通，蓄水池为养殖池塘提供养殖补充水体。在灌水量3000 m3/d的情况下，系统中土质、水质检测结果显示：蓄水池水体中盐度、氯化物质量浓度和电导率远高于养殖池塘和排水沟渠；蓄水池和养殖池塘的pH显著高于排水沟渠；蓄水池能有效收集洗盐压碱过程中的盐碱水；抬田土壤中pH、盐度保持平稳，没有出返盐返碱现象；盐碱池塘生态工程化种养系统中养殖水体总氮＜4 mg/L，总磷＜1.3 mg/L，高锰酸盐指数逐渐下降，符合养殖需求。研究表明：与传统洗盐压碱工艺相比，盐碱池塘生态工程化种养系统可提高循环利用灌溉用水2.2~3倍，减少氮、磷排放，有明显的节水、减排效果。
