超声波生物遥测技术是应用声学发信器对水生生物进行标记跟踪的一种声学遥测技术，自1956年首次应用至今，已广泛应用于遥测海洋、河流、河口、湖泊、水库中的多种水生动物，是研究水生动物在自然水域中行为特征的最为有效的方法，但这一技术目前在国内的研究比较少。本文分析了该研究领域的相关文献，并进行了全面的梳理和探讨；概述了超声波生物遥测技术在国内外的研究进展及其系统组成；总结了该技术的方法分类、工作原理以及不同超声波生物遥测技术之间的差异和使用条件等；分析了该技术在国内现代渔业领域的应用前景以及所面临的问题，可为该技术在国内的应用提供一定的参考。

Ultrasonic biotelemetry is a kind of acoustic telemetry technology which uses acoustic transmitters to mark and track aquatic organisms. Since its first application in 1956, it has been widely used in telemetering many aquatic animals in oceans, rivers, estuaries, lakes and reservoirs. It is the most effective method to study the behavior characteristics of aquatic animals in natural waters. However, the research of this technology in China is relatively few. Related papers of this research field are analyzed, comprehensively summarized and discussed. The research progress at home and abroad and the system composition of ultrasonic biotelemetry are summarized. This paper summarizes the classification of methods, working principle, differences between and application conditions of different ultrasonic biotelemetry, and analyzes the application prospect and problems of the technology in modern domestic fishery, providing some reference for the application of the technology in China.