渔船在海上航行时由于船体自身结构或者海面风浪等因素的影响处于潜在的威胁当中。为了研究渔船在海洋环境中可能会遭受的风险，采用基于BP神经网络算法，对渔船吨位、发动机功率、渔船材质、渔船船龄以及渔船所处海面风等级、海面浪等级等6个预警指标要素构成的渔船预警模型进行评估，最终确定渔船在海上航行时的风险等级。在构建风险预警模型中使用了400件渔船事故案例，将训练样本按照数量划分为多个级别进行验证。预警结果与实际结果的计算结果显示，模型的正确率为79.76%~83.62%，其中在训练样本数为测试样本数的0.75倍时，模型精度最高。研究表明，基于BP神经网络的渔船风险预警模型，其评估结果与渔船实际事故状态基本相符。该模型的建立为渔船海上航行提供了安全保障。

During the voyage, the fishing vessel is in a potential threat because of its own structure or the influence of sea surface wind and waves. In order to study the risk of fishing vessels in the marine environment, based on the BP neural network algorithm, the fishing boats early warning model which is composed of 6 early warning indicators : fishing vessel tonnage, engine power, material, fishing vessels age, sea breeze level, wave level, were evaluated and then the sea operations risk level for fishing vessels were finally determined. 400 fishing vessel accident cases were selected to develop the risk early warning model  and  the model was verified through classification of multiple levels for the training samples. The results of early warning and the actual results of statistical calculation showed, the correct rate remained at 79.76%-83.62%, in which when the training sample number was 0.75 times as the number of test samples, the accuracy of the model is highest. In conclusion, the assessment results of fishing vessel risk early warning model based on BP neural network was basically consistent with the actual condition of accident, which could provide guarantee for safe navigation .