宽带分裂波束探鱼仪探测性能由多种因素相互影响、共同作用，作为最关键的技术指标，直接影响该探鱼仪的实际使用。为了指导后续该类型探鱼仪的研制和使用，需要梳理不同因素对其探测性能的影响过程。采用水声学系统建模的方法，结合典型参数及海洋环境，根据主动声呐方程给出了在噪声背景下、体积混响背景下和体积混响与噪声混叠背景下有效作用距离预报模型，并分析了主要制约因素；进行了不同背景下探测性能的仿真，讨论了不同海况下频率对不同目标强度鱼探测性能的影响，对比了窄带系统和宽带系统对抗混响的能力；通过对宽带分裂波束探鱼仪探测性能的声学仿真结果明确了实际使用环境中不同参数对探测性能的影响，为远距离、高分辨率宽带分裂波束探鱼仪的研制提供了改进方向。

The detection performance of wideband split beam fish finder is the most important technical index, which directly affects the use of the fish finder. The detection performance is affected by various factors. In order to guide the subsequent development and use of this type of fish finder, it is necessary to sort out the influence process of different factors on its detection performanc. Using the modeling method of hydroacoustic system,  combined with typical parameters and marine environment, the effective rang prediction model and main restricting factors under noise background, volume reverberation background and volume reverberation and noise aliasing background are given according to the active sonar equation. The detection performance is simulated under different backgrounds. The influence of frequency on the detection performance of different target strength fishes under different sea conditions is discussed and the ability of narrowband systems and wideband systems to counter reverberation is compared. The effects of different parameters on the detection performance in the actual application environment are analyzed based on the simulation results, which provide an improvement direction for the development of long-distance, high-resolution wideband split beam fish finder.