基于硝化细菌、聚磷菌等微生物种群分布于自然水体中，且喜欢吸附在固体表面形成生物膜，吸收水中氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、磷等营养成分进行繁殖和生长的生物学原理，研制了一个由支架浮力系统、微生物附着基、上升流系统、锁磷区和光伏发电系统5部分组成的圆柱形（半径75cm、高100 cm）养殖水原位净化装置。试验结果显示：生物膜建成后，装置在1 mg/L、3 mg/L和5 mg/L氨氮质量浓度组的淡水（水温22～25℃）和海水（水温27～31℃）中，日消减氨氮量分别为304.587 g、283.748 g、314.753 g和247.274g、261.756g、282.721g，日消减淡水和海水中总磷量分别为0.485 g、0.427 g、0.462 g和 0.566 g、0.595 g、0.493 g，显示出较强的氨氮和总磷的消减能力。日氨氮消减量差异性，淡水3个质量浓度组间不显著（P>0.05），海水3个质量浓度组间显著（P<0.05）。日总磷消减量差异性，淡水3个质量浓度组间、海水3个质量浓度组间均不显著（P>0.05）。该装置具有较强的氨氮和磷的消减能力和使用方法简单、运行成本低等特点，可在水产养殖尾水净化处理中推广使用。

Based on the biology principle that microbial populations such as nitrifying bacteria and poly-P bacteria are distributed in natural waters and like to adsorb on the solid surface to form biofilm and absorb ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrients to reproduce and grow, a cylindrical (R=75cm, H=100cm) in-situ purification device for aquaculture water composed of a bracket buoyancy system, a microbial attachment base, an upwelling system, a phosphorus fixing zone and a photovoltaic power generation system was developed. The results showed that upon the completion of biofilm, in the device with fresh water (22-25℃) and seawater (27-31℃) in which the ammonia nitrogen concentration was 1 mg/L, 3 mg/L and 5 mg/L, the daily reduction of ammonia nitrogen was respectively 304.587 g, 283.748 g, 314.753g and 247.274 g, 261.756 g, 282.721 g, and the daily reduction of total phosphorus was respectively 0.485 g, 0.427 g, 0.462 g and 0.566 g, 0.595 g, 0.493 g, showing strong reduction ability of ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus. The daily reduction of ammonia nitrogen was not significantly different among the 3 fresh water groups (P>0.05) but significant among the 3 seawater groups (P<0.05). The daily reduction of total phosphorus was not significantly different among the 3 fresh water groups and among the 3 seawater groups (P>0.05). The device has such characteristics as strong ability of reducing ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus, simple operation method and low operating cost, and can be promoted and used in aquaculture water purification.