以提升清洗设备喷嘴清洗清洁度为目的，采用k-kl-w三方程湍流模型及有限元理论方法分析3类微型喷嘴孔内压强分布特性、速度分布特性和空化程度情况。结果显示：1)与锥型截面喷嘴和圆弧型截面喷嘴相比，突变型截面喷嘴在结构缩颈处有单位时间最大速度变化量224.13 m/s，具有更大的概率发生空化效应；2)锥型截面喷嘴与圆弧型截面喷嘴的空化区域远小于突变型喷嘴，其最大气相体积分数约为同等条件下突变型截面喷嘴的37.5%；3)高压流体作用下突变型截面喷嘴的流体状态为湍流，与锥型截面喷嘴和圆弧型截面相比湍流动能和湍流强度最大；4)圆弧型截面喷嘴湍流动能和湍流强度均趋于零，流体状态为层流，与突变型和锥型截面喷嘴相比，圆弧型截面喷嘴对保持流体层流性有较好的稳定性。喷嘴优化分析结果显示，通过增加突变型截面的喷嘴结构能显著提升喷嘴的空化强度。

 For the purpose of improving the cleanliness of nozzles for cleaning equipment, the k-kl-w three-equation turbulence model and finite element theory are used to analyze the pressure distribution, velocity distribution and cavitation degree of the three types of micro-nozzles in this paper. The results show that: 1) compared with conical and circular cross-section nozzles, the maximum velocity variation per unit time of the abrupt cross-section nozzle is 224.13 m/s at the neck of the structure, and the abrupt cross-section nozzle is more likely to have the effect of cavitation; 2) the cavitation areas of conical and circular cross-section nozzles are much smaller than that of abrupt cross-section nozzle, and the maximum vapor volume fraction of the two types of nozzles is about 37.5% of that of abrupt cross-section nozzle under the same conditions; 3) the fluid of the abrupt cross-section nozzle is turbulent under high pressure fluid, and the turbulent kinetic energy and turbulent intensity are the largest compared with conical and circular cross-section nozzles; 4) the turbulent kinetic energy and turbulent intensity of the circular cross-section nozzle are almost equal to zero, and the fluid is a laminar flow. The circular cross-section nozzle may maintain better stability of fluid laminar flow compared with abrupt and conical cross-section nozzles. The analysis results of nozzle optimization show that the cavitation strength of nozzles can be significantly enhanced by increasing the nozzle structure of abrupt cross-section.