多波束渔用声呐是海洋渔业实现高效、精准和选择性捕捞的重要工具。为了系统分析多波束渔用声呐探测性能及主要制约因素对作用距离的影响，针对圆柱形阵多波束渔用声呐，采用水声学系统仿真的方法，分别对主要为噪声和混响环境下的渔用声呐探测性能进行分析，对不同海况下噪声不同目标强度鱼群的探测性能进行比较，分析窄带系统和宽带系统降低混响的能力，并对噪声和混响混叠环境下的渔用声呐探测性能进行仿真分析；最终，从系统设计、发射方式、接收方式等多个角度提出提高渔用声呐探测性能的方法，为远距离、高分辨率多波束渔用声呐的研制提供改进的方向。

Multi-beam fishery sonar is an important tool for efficient, accurate and selective fishing in marine fisheries. In this paper, in order to systematically analyze the detection performance of multi-beam fishery sonar and the influence of main constraints on the operating range, for the multi-beam fishery sonar based on cylindrical array, the detection performance of the fishery sonar in noise and reverberation environments is analyzed with the method of underwater acoustic system simulation, the detection performance of fish school with different noise intensity under different sea conditions is compared, the abilities of narrowband system and broadband system to reduce reverberation are analyzed, and the detection performance of the fishery sonar in the mixed environment of noise and reverberation is simulated and analyzed. Finally, from the aspects of system design, transmitting mode, receiving mode and so on, the methods to improve the detection performance of the fishery sonar are put forward, which provides an improvement direction for the development of long-distance, high-resolution multi-beam fishery sonar.