目前水产养殖常用的投饲方法是定时定量投喂，往往导致投饲不足或过量。通过监测养殖对象摄食状态为投饲控制提供有效反馈信息，能够根据养殖对象食欲实时调整投饲量，满足摄食需求并减少饲料浪费。声学方法由于其固有的物理特性可以在浑浊水体中测量养殖对象摄食状态。本文介绍了残余饲料检测、鱼群空间分布监测和摄食声音监测等3种基于声学方法的投饲反馈技术，总结了近30年来国内外研究进展，对不同反馈技术的特点和问题进行了分析，并提出声学方法需要与其它反馈技术和投饲量预估方法结合使用以满足复杂养殖条件下精准投饲要求。

Timing and quantitative feeding methods are commonly used in aquaculture, which often leads to inadequate or excessive feeding. Monitoring feeding status of aquaculture objects to provide effective feedback information for feeding control can adjust feeding amount in real time according to appetite, meet feeding demand and reduce feed waste. Because of its inherent physical characteristics, acoustic method can be used to measure the feeding status of aquaculture objects in turbid water. This paper introduces three feeding feedback techniques based on acoustic methods, including residual feed detection, fish spatial distribution monitoring and feeding sound monitoring, summarizes the progress of research in the past 30 years at home and abroad, analyzes the characteristics and problems of different feedback techniques, and proposes that acoustic methods should be combined with other feedback techniques and feeding amount prediction methods to meet the requirements of precision feeding under complex aquaculture conditions.