摘要： 为满足养殖工船鱼产品贮藏保鲜的需要，本研究采用冰浆、超细冰晶和碎冰保鲜三种形式保存大黄鱼，通过感官品质、微生物和化学指标的变化确定适宜的保鲜方法。结果显示：前12 d内冰浆组与冰晶组相比，感官品质、大肠菌群、菌落总数、酸价、TVB-N和K值均无显著差异（P > 0.05）且鱼体新鲜度良好；13 d和14 d冰晶组各指标显著优于冰浆组（P < 0.05）；碎冰组新鲜度在试验开始后快速下降，仅在6 ~ 8 d内可维持较为新鲜的水平。综合分析发现试验条件下碎冰的保鲜效果仅能维持约8 d，超细冰晶的保鲜效果较冰浆可延长2 ~ 3 d，货架期可延长至14 d以上。研究表明，使用冰浆中所含的超细冰晶进行保鲜可作为养殖工船大黄鱼冰鲜出货的新方案。
关键词:
大黄鱼,
保鲜,
冰浆,
冰晶,
微生物指标,
化学指标
Abstract: To fulfill the storage and fresh-keeping requirements of fish on aquaculture vessels, slurry ice, ultra-fine ice crystals, and crushed ice were used to preserve large yellow croaker, and the appropriate fresh-keeping methods were determined through the changes of sensory quality, microbial and chemical indexes. The results showed that there was no significant difference in sensory quality, the total number of colonies, coliform, acid value, TVB-N, and K-value between the slurry ice group and the ice crystal group in the first 12 days, and the fish had a good freshness. On the 13th and 14th days, the indexes of the ice crystal group were significantly better than those of the ice slurry group. After the start of the experiment, the freshness of the crushed ice group decreased rapidly, and it could only maintain a relatively fresh level within 6-8 days. The results proved that the fresh-keeping effect of crushed ice can only be maintained for about 8 d under the experimental conditions, the preservation treated by ultra-fine ice crystal can be extended by 2 to 3 d compared with that treated by slurry ice, and the shelf life can be extended to more than 14 d. Therefore, the storage and preservation of large yellow croaker using the ultra-fine ice crystals remaining after the ice slurry filtration is an effective solution that can be applied to aquaculture vessels.
Key words:
Pseudosciaena crocea,
fresh-keeping,
slurry ice,
ice crystal,
microbial indexes,
chemical indexes