陈雷1, 2, 郭良勇1, 3, 张嵩1, 邢坤1, 孙俭4, 刘奇1, 卢羽洁1, 郝晓鹏1, 崔帆1, 刘海映1, 5
（1大连海洋大学 辽宁省海洋牧场工程技术研究中心，辽宁 大连 116023；
2 辽宁师范大学，辽宁 大连 116081；
3辽宁省水产苗种管理局，辽宁 大连 116015；
4大连大华嘉森海洋资源资产价格评估有限公司，辽宁 大连 116000；
5大连海洋大学 辽宁省海洋生物资源恢复与生境修复重点实验室，辽宁 大连 116023）
CHEN Lei1, 2, GUO Liangyong1, 3, ZHANG Song1, XING Kun1, Sun Jian4, LIU Qi1, LU Yujie1, HAO Xiaopeng1, CUI Fan1, LIU Haiying1, 5 (1 Center for Marine Ranching Engineering Science Research of Liaoning, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China;#br# 2 Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China;#br# 3 Liaoning Aquaculture Seedling Administration, Dalian 116015, China;#br# 4 Dalian Dahuajiasen Ocean Resource and Assets Evaluation Co. Ltd., Dalian 116000, China;#br# 5 Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Restoration and Habital Reparation in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China)
摘要： 为了探究不同底质与撒播方式对毛蚶潜沙行为的影响，在实验室条件下，观察了壳长(10.0±0.9) mm毛蚶的潜沙过程，并研究了沙质（粒径251~500 μm）和泥沙质（粒径<120 μm）两种底质和播散方式（集中和分散）对毛蚶潜沙时间和潜沙率的影响。结果显示，毛蚶潜沙过程分为准备、潜沙及结束3个阶段，并可以将潜沙过程细化为闭壳、开壳、斧足伸出、斧足潜入底质、壳竖起并开始下潜和埋栖6个部分。在两种底质条件下，集中播撒方式的毛蚶潜沙时间均短于分散播撒方式，但同种底质不同播撒方式下的毛蚶潜沙时间差异不显著（P>0.05）。无论是集中播撒还是分散播撒，沙质条件下毛蚶的潜沙时间均短于泥沙质的潜沙时间，并且在分散播撒方式下，两种底质的差异达到显著水平（P<0.05）；两种底质条件下，毛蚶的潜沙率均表现为集中播撒高于分散播撒。研究表明，与泥沙质底质相比，毛蚶在沙质条件下更易于快速潜底；与分散播散方式相比，集中播撒更利于毛蚶快速潜底。
关键词: 毛蚶, 潜沙行为, 播撒方式, 潜沙率, 潜沙时间
Abstract: To study the effects of substrate and sowing condition on burrowing behaviors of ark shell Scapharca subcrenata, burrowing processes of ark shell (shell length 10.0 ± 0.9 mm) were observed under laboratory conditions, meanwhile, effects of different substrate grain sizes (251-500 μm and <120 μm) and sowing conditions (centralized and decentralized sowing) on burial time and burrowing rate of ark shell were studied. The results showed that the burrowing behavior of ark shells included three steps: preparation, burrowing and finishing, which could be further divided into six parts inducing closing shell, opening shell, stretching out axe feet, burrowing axe feet into substrate, erecting shell and burrowing shell into substrate, and inhabiting in substrate. In both types of substrates, the burial time required by ark shell under centralized sowing condition was shorter than that under decentralized sowing, but the time differences in both substrates were not significant (P>0.05). While in both centralized and decentralized sowing conditions, the burial time required by ark shell in substrate with grain size 251-500 μm was less than that in the grain size <120 μm substrate, and the time difference between the two types of substrate was significant under the decentralized sowing condition (P<0.05). In both substrate conditions, the burrowing rate of ark shell under centralized sowing condition was higher than that under decentralized sowing condition. Therefore, compared with grain size 251~500 μm, the substrate with grain size of 251-500 μm was more helpful to the burrowing of ark shell, and centralized sowing condition was more favorable to the burrowing of ark shell than the decentralized sowing.
Key words:
Scapharca subcrenata,
burrowing behavior,
sowing,
burrowing rate,
burial time
