摘要： 圆柱阵多波束渔用声呐是海洋渔业精准捕捞的重要声学设备，可实现探测水域的全方位扫描，其波束形成能力是反映渔用声呐探测性能的主要技术指标之一。本研究从圆柱阵多波束渔用声呐波束形成能力分析出发，利用水声学算法仿真方法，分别对垂直和水平方向波束形成进行仿真，分析了幅度偏移、相位偏移及频移对圆柱阵垂直和水平方向波束形成性能的影响。结果表明，幅度和相位偏移对圆柱阵垂直和水平方向主瓣影响较小，主瓣变宽；对旁瓣影响较大，旁瓣明显增大；当偏移量在-5~15 dB时对第一旁瓣增益影响在3 dB以内，当偏移过大时对其影响可达6 dB以上；频移对波束指向性影响较小，工作频点对波束主瓣宽度有较大影响，主瓣宽度偏差约在3°左右。本研究可为今后自主研制高精度、远距离圆柱阵多波束渔用声呐提供参考。

关键词: 渔用声呐, 圆柱型基阵, 多波束探测, 性能分析

Abstract: Cylindrical array multi-beam fishery sonar, as important acoustic equipment for accurate fishing in marine fisheries, can realize omni-directional scanning of the detection waters. Its beamforming ability is one of the main technical indicators reflecting the detection performance of fishery sonar. In this research starting from the analysis of beamforming ability of cylindrical array multi-beam fishery sonar, the vertical and horizontal beamforming was simulated and the effects of amplitude shift, phase shift and frequency shift on the vertical and horizontal beamforming performance of the cylindrical array were analyzed by using the simulation method of underwater acoustic algorithm. The results show that the amplitude and phase shift has little influence on the main lobe in the vertical and horizontal directions of the cylindrical array, and the main lobe becomes wider; the influence on the side lobe is great, and the side lobe is significantly enlarged; when the offset is -5~15 dB, the gain of the first lobe is within 3dB, and when the offset is too large, the gain of the first lobe can be more than 6dB; the frequency shift has a little influence on beam directivity, the working frequency has a great influence on the width of the beam main lobe, and the width deviation of the main lobe is about 3°. This research can provide a reference for the independent development of high-precision and long-distance cylindrical array multi-beam fishery sonar in the future.

Key words: fishery sonar, cylindrical array, multi-beam detection, performance analysis