渔业现代化

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海带收获转运装置设计

  

  1. （1 中国水产科学研究院渔业机械仪器研究所，上海 200092；
    2 农业农村部渔业装备与工程技术重点实验室，上海 200092）
  • 出版日期:2020-02-20 发布日期:2020-04-30
  • 作者简介:江涛（1969—），男，研究员，研究方向：筏式养殖机械化与工程。E-mail: jiangtao@fmiri.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划“蓝色粮仓科技创新”重点专项资助课题（2019YFD0900804）；中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费专项课题（2016PT10）

Design of kelp harvest and transfer device

  1. (1 Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Shanghai 200092, China;
    2 Key Laboratory of Fishery Equipment and Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 200092, China)
  • Online:2020-02-20 Published:2020-04-30

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摘要： 为实现海带收获转运机械化，减轻海带收获时人员的作业强度，通过改进现有海带养殖筏架模式，将海带苗绳首尾依次连接成串，便于海带机械化收获转运，在此基础上设计并试制回转伸缩齿爪式收获转运实验装置。采用单元数值算法对海带收获过程中成串海带苗绳张力及拖拽力进行计算与分析，对照分析不同苗绳拖拽角度对转运装置运行状态的影响。计算分析和台架试验结果显示：海带收获转运装置拖拽附着养成海带苗绳结合点张力为1 290 N，当拖拽海带苗绳起吊角低于15°时，伸缩齿爪无法挑起苗绳，发生脱绳现象；当拖拽海带苗绳起吊角大于15°时，伸缩齿爪可依次挑起海带苗绳，海带能够顺利经过转运装置，达到海带收获转运的目的；回转伸缩齿爪式收获转运装置台架试验运行情况良好，齿爪顺序伸缩机构可有效解决收获转运过程中海带缠绕齿爪的关键问题。液压系统设计采用叠加式液控单向阀，可解决油管泄漏吊臂快速下降的问题，提高系统的安全性。试验研究表明，回转伸缩齿爪式收获转运技术是可行的，可为海上试验打下扎实的基础。

关键词: 海带养殖, 苗绳, 收获机械, 筏式养殖

Abstract: In order to realize the mechanization of kelp harvest and transfer and reduce the working intensity of kelp harvest, the existing kelp cultivation raft model was improved to connect the kelp seedling rope into strings from the beginning to the end in turn, so as to facilitate the mechanized harvest and transfer of kelp, and design and try to make rotary retractable claw type harvest and transfer experimental device. The unit numerical algorithm was used to calculate and analyze the tension and drag force of a string of kelp seedling rope during harvesting, and analyze the influence of different dragging angles of seedling rope on the running state of the transfer device. The calculation and analysis and bench test results show that the tension of kelp harvest and transfer device on the attached kelp seedling rope is 1 290 N. The retractable claw cannot lift the seedling rope and the rope will be taken off when the lifting angle of the kelp seedling rope is lower than 15°. The retractable claw can successively lift the kep seedling rope and the kelp can pass through the transfer device smoothly when the lifting angle of the kelp seedling rope is greater than 15°, so as to achieve the purpose of kelp harvest and transfer. The test run of rotary retractable claw type harvest and transfer device is good, and the sequential retractable mechanism can effectively solve the key problem of claw wound by kelp in the process of harvest and transfer. The hydraulic system is designed with superposition hydraulic control one-way valve, which can solve the problem of rapid drop of tubing leakage boom and improve the safety of the system. The test results show that the technology of rotary retractable claw type harvest and transfer is feasible and can lay a solid foundation for sea tests.

Key words: kelp aquaculture, seedling rope, harvester, raft aquaculture