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星海湖水生生物群落结构及鱼产力评估

  

  1. （1 宁夏大学生命科学学院，宁夏 银川 750021；
    2 银川市水产技术推广服务中心，宁夏 银川 750001）
  • 出版日期:2018-06-20 发布日期:2018-08-02
  • 通讯作者: 邱小琮(1971—)，男，教授，研究方向：水域生态学及水环境调控教学与研究。 E-mail: qxc7175@126.com
  • 作者简介:赵睿智(1992—)，男，硕士研究生，研究方向：水生动物学。E-mail：feiodianzishu@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    宁夏高等学校一流学科建设（水利工程）资助项目（NXYLXK2017A03）

Community structure of aquatic organisms and fish productivity assessment in Xinghai Lake

  1. (1.School of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
    2. Aquaculture Technology Promotion Service Center, Yinchuan 750001, Ningxia, China)
  • Online:2018-06-20 Published:2018-08-02

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摘要： 为探明星海湖水生生物种群结构和水体鱼产力，于2016年4月—2017年1月调查分析星海湖水生生物密度、生物量季节变化，并依此估算水体鱼产力。结果显示：星海湖浮游植物73种，隶属于7门58属，秋季种类数最多，冬季最少，夏季浮游植物密度最高，蓝藻占绝对优势，冬季密度最低，绿藻占优势；浮游动物31种，其中轮虫18种，枝角类10种，桡足类3种，春季出现的种类最多，冬季最少，夏季密度和生物量最高，冬季较低；底栖动物共25种，隶属3门4纲16科，昆虫纲种类最多共9种，夏季密度最高，冬季最低，生物量秋季最高，冬季最低；水生维管束植物33种，分别隶属于23科，夏季密度最高，冬季最低，生物量夏季最高，冬季最低。研究表明：星海湖每年浮游生物及外源性食物可提供的理论鲢、鳙鱼产力为194.48 kg/hm2，底栖及甲壳动物可提供的杂食性鱼产力为32.29 kg/hm2，水生植物提供鱼产力为291.5g/hm2；星海湖鲢、鳙、杂食性鱼类和草食性鱼类的合理放养量分别为149、131、32.2和0.8 kg/hm2。

关键词: 星海湖, 水生生物, 群落结构生物量, 鱼产力评估

Abstract: In order to explore the population structure of the aquatic organism and fish productivity in Xinghai lake, an investigation and analysis was carried out on the seasonal changes in density and biomass of the aquatic organisms in Xinghai Lake from April, 2016 to January, 2017. The results showed that there were 73 species of phytoplankton from 7 phyla and 58 genera in Xinghai lake, which has the largest amount of species in autumn and smallest amount of species in winter, the highest density in summer and the lowest density in winter, among which blue algae was dominant in summer and green algae was dominant in winter; There are 31 species of zooplankton, including 18 rotifers, 10 cladocerans and 3 copepods, which has the largest amount of species in spring and smallest amount of species in winter, the highest density in summer and the lowest density in winter,  the highest biomass in autumn and smallest amount of species in winter; There were 25 species of zoobenthos, belonging to 3 phyla, 4 classes and 16 families, among which there are up to 9 species of insecta species, which has the highest density in summer and the lowest density in winter, the highest biomass in autumn and smallest amount of species in winter; There were 33 species of aquatic vascular plants belonging to 23 families, which has the highest density in summer and the lowest density in winter, the highest biomass in summer and smallest amount of species in winter. The results showed that plankton and exogenous food in Xinghai Lake could support the productivity of silver carp and bighead carp for 194.48 kg/ hm2 each year, benthic and crustacean could support the productivity of omnivorous fish for 32.29 kg/ hm2, and aquatic plants support the productivity of fish for 291.5 kg/hm2. The reasonable stocking rate for silver carp is 149 kg/hm2, squid is 131 kg/hm2, omnivorous fish is 32.2 kg/hm2, and herbivorous fish is 0.8 kg/hm2 in Xinghai Lake.

Key words: aquatic organisms, density, biomass, fish productivity