LIU Xujia, HE Xugang, LAI Junxiang, HUANG Guoqiang, HOU Jie
Fishery Modernization.
2023, 50(3):
36-47.
To accelerate the green development of the aquaculture industry, solve the shrimp pond aquaculture non-point source pollution and achieve a balance between the economy and ecology, this paper studied shrimp pond culture environment restoration technology to realize the purpose of water saving and emissions reduction. The study mainly included solid waste collection facilities' efficiency and tail water treatment. The aquaculture waste collection facilities are mainly composed of sedimentation towers for solid waste collection. The tailwater was treated in a three-stage upward vertical flow processing bucket by the nitrification-denitrification-secondary nitrification principle. The results showed that the solid waste collection efficiency of the sedimentation tower was 10.6% ± 1.8%, 31.1% ± 5.7%, and 52.2% ± 5.2%, respectively, in the early, middle, and late stages of shrimp pond culture. The total nitrogen collection ratio was 1.4% ± 0.2%, 3.4% ± 0.6%, and 9.1% ± 0.1%, respectively. Three-stage upward vertical flow processing bucket filled with biological brush under wastewater flowing condition for 60 d. After 30 days of aeration and anaerobic treatment, the dissolved oxygen content range remains 1.11-1.98 mg/L, 0.27-0.45 mg/L, and 4.60-5.82 mg/L, respectively. After determination and analysis, the removal rates of total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen in the tailwater after solid waste collection could reach 45.5% and 93.6%. High-throughput sequencing analysis was conducted on the biological brush in the third-stage treatment bucket, and it was found that the abundance of nitrifying bacteria in the third-stage bucket was the highest. They mainly include Nitrosomonas, Nitrosospira, and Nitrospira, which can well explain the effect of third-stage nitrification. The construction of the "sedimentation tower" + " three-stage upward vertical flow processing bucket" mode, will provide a leading technology and demonstration mode for promoting the shrimp seawater pond aquaculture industry transformation and upgrading.