摘要： 为提高鱼类养殖中投饲和排污的定时、定量精度及节水效果，降低劳动强度，采用新型PLC、螺旋杆送料机构、减速电机、撒料盘、液位传感器、造流器、电动阀、自动双通道排污装置等，参考人工养殖流程设计与开发出一套集成自动投饵与排污的鱼类养殖系统，该系统容积1.57 m⊃3;，适宜养殖密度23 kg/m⊃3;以下。对系统进行了设备性能测试及鱼类养殖试验，结果显示：该系统可自动进行喂食前水流调控及自动投饲后的自动排污步骤，其中投饲机部分投饲能力0.3 kg/min，投饲量误差在±0.5 g以内，且撒料均匀度高，使用该系统养殖的2018年长江鲟子三代较传统流水养殖的鱼体平均增重提高了35.56%，饵料系数降低了26.28%，养殖初末体质量变异系数下降了31.46%；运行过程无需人工参与，集排污效果与大换水排污无明显差异，且节水90%。测试中系统运行稳定。

关键词: 水产养殖, 投饲机, 自动投饵, 自动集排污, 自动流程

Abstract: In order to improve the timing, quantitative accuracy and water-saving effect of feeding and waste discharge in fish culture, and reduce labor intensity, a new type of PLC, auger feeding mechanism, geared motor, spreader, liquid level sensor, flow generator, electric valve and automatic dual-channel waste discharge device were adopted. By referring to the artificial culture process, a set of fish culture system integrating automatic feeding and waste discharge was designed and developed. The system has a volume of 1.57m⊃3; and a suitable culture density below 23kg/m⊃3;. The equipment performance test and fish culture experiment were carried out on the system. The results showed that the system can automatically adjust the water flow before feeding and automatically discharge the waste after automatic feeding. The feeding capacity of the feeder is 0.3kg/min. The feed amount error is within ±0.5g, and the spreading uniformity is high. The average weight gain of the three generations of Acipenser dabryanus cultured by this system in 2018 increased by 35.56% compared with that of the fish cultured by traditional flowing water, and the feed conversion ratio was reduced by 26.28%. The coefficient of variation of the weight at the beginning and end of culture dropped by 31.46%; the operation process does not require manual participation, the effect of waste collection and discharge is not significantly different from that of large-scale water exchange, and water saving is 90%. The system runs stably during the test.

Key words: Aquaculture, feeder, automatic feeding, automatic waste collection and discharge, automatic process